SAP Database Guide: Oracle (BC-DB-ORA-DBA) ..........16
1 New Features.....................................................................................17
1.1 New Features in SAP Release 6.40 ..................................................... 18
1.2 New Features in SAP Release 6.30 ..................................................... 19
1.3 New Features in SAP Release 6.20 ..................................................... 20
1.4 New Features in SAP Release 6.10 ..................................................... 22
2 Getting Started with Oracle and the SAP System..........................23
2.1 Computing Center Management System ........................................... 24
2.2 Specification of SAP Tables in the ABAP Dictionary........................ 25
2.3 Oracle Database Storage Parameters in the ABAP Dictionary ........ 26
2.4 Support on SAP Service Marketplace ................................................ 28
2.5 GoingLive and Early Watch................................................................. 29
2.6 Oracle Databases on Raw Devices..................................................... 33
2.6.1 Raw Devices and BR*Tools........................................................................................33
2.6.2 Raw Devices with BRBACKUP and BRRESTORE....................................................34
2.7 Limitations of the Oracle Database System....................................... 36
2.8 Database System Configuration ......................................................... 37
2.8.1 Setting Up Archiving ...................................................................................................38
2.8.2 Mirroring the Control File ............................................................................................40
2.8.3 Mirroring the Online Redo Log Files...........................................................................41
2.8.4 Organizing Disk Storage.............................................................................................41
2.8.5 Database Parameters.................................................................................................42
2.8.6 SAP Naming Conventions for Tablespaces and Data Files .......................................44
2.8.7 Environment Variables (UNIX)....................................................................................47
2.8.8 Environment Variables (Windows)..............................................................................48
2.8.9 Directory Structure (UNIX)..........................................................................................50
2.8.10 Directory Structure (Windows)..................................................................................54
2.8.11 Users and Roles .......................................................................................................58
3 Approach to Oracle DBA..................................................................60
3.1 Instance Management.......................................................................... 61
3.2 Space Management.............................................................................. 65
3.2.1 Managing Tablespaces...............................................................................................65
3.2.2 Managing Data Files...................................................................................................68
3.3 Segment Management ......................................................................... 70
3.3.1 Reorganization............................................................................................................72
3.3.2 Export/Import ..............................................................................................................75
3.3.3 Reorganization Case Study ........................................................................................76
3.3.4 Reorganization with the Redefinition Package...........................................................78
3.4 Database Backup ................................................................................. 80
3.4.1 Backup Overview........................................................................................................81
3.4.1.1 Why Back Up the Database?................................................................................82
3.4.1.2 What Needs Backing Up? .....................................................................................83
3.4.1.3 Database Backup Types .......................................................................................86
Online and Offline Backup..............................................................................................87
Consistent Online Backup ..............................................................................................88
Complete Backup ...........................................................................................................89
Incremental Backup........................................................................................................90
3.4.1.4 Backup Cycles.......................................................................................................91
3.4.1.5 Backup Approach with Daily Complete Backups..................................................92
3.4.1.6 Backup Approach for Very Large Database with Partial Backups........................93
3.4.1.7 Backup Approach with One-Day Retention Period ...............................................94
3.4.2 Backup Media .............................................................................................................95
3.4.2.1 Volume Management ............................................................................................96
Volume Initialization........................................................................................................97
Volume Label Check.......................................................................................................99
Volume Expiration Period .............................................................................................100
Used Volumes ..............................................................................................................102
Scratch Volume ............................................................................................................103
Selecting Volumes Manually ........................................................................................103
Selecting Volumes with External Tools ........................................................................104
Selecting Volumes Automatically .................................................................................105
3.4.3 Hardware Compression ............................................................................................106
3.4.4 Software Compression..............................................................................................107
3.4.5 Backup Methods .......................................................................................................109
3.4.5.1 Backup to Multiple Disks .....................................................................................109
3.4.5.2 Backup to a Remote Disk....................................................................................110
3.4.5.3 Backup to a Remote Tape Device ......................................................................112
3.4.5.4 Two-Phase Backup .............................................................................................113
3.4.5.5 Structure-Retaining Database Copy ...................................................................115
3.4.5.6 Parallel Backup ...................................................................................................117
3.4.5.7 Unattended Backup.............................................................................................118
3.4.5.8 BRBACKUP and BRARCHIVE Backups in One Run .........................................120
3.4.5.9 Backup Verify ......................................................................................................122
3.4.6 Advanced Backup and Recovery..............................................................................124
3.4.6.1 Backup of Large Oracle Databases ....................................................................124
Backup Devices for Large Databases ..........................................................................125
Backup of Large Databases to Tape with BRBACKUP................................................126
External Backup Programs for Large Databases .........................................................127
Parallel Backup of Large Databases to Disk with BRBACKUP....................................127
Optimization of File Distribution....................................................................................128
Optimization with a Logical Volume Manager ..............................................................129
Partial Backups.............................................................................................................131
Tablespace Backups ....................................................................................................131
Backup Example for a Large Database........................................................................132
Speeding Up the Backup..............................................................................................133
3.4.6.2 Standby Database...............................................................................................133
Standby Database Configuration..................................................................................135
Standby Database:
BRARCHIVE Backup of Offline Redo Log Files ...........................137
Standby Database:
BRBACKUP Backup of Database Files ........................................138
Standby Database:
Restore and Recovery ..................................................................139
Standby Database:
Remote Database Connect Requirements...................................141
3.4.6.3 Split Mirror Backup..............................................................................................142
Split Mirror Online Backup............................................................................................144
Split Mirror Offline Backup............................................................................................146
Split Mirror Backup: Software Configuration.................................................................147
3.4.6.4 Backup with Automatic Tape Changers..............................................................150
Mount and Dismount Commands .................................................................................150
Autoloader Backup Example ........................................................................................152
3.4.6.5 Veritas Quick I/O Feature....................................................................................153
3.4.6.6 External Backup Programs .................................................................................154
3.5 Restore and Recovery ....................................................................... 156
3.5.1 Complete Database Recovery..................................................................................159
3.5.2 Database Point-In-Time Recovery............................................................................162
3.5.3 Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery.........................................................................165
3.5.4 Whole Database Reset.............................................................................................169
3.5.5 Restore of Individual Backup Files ...........................................................................171
3.5.6 Restore and Application of Offline Redo Log Files...................................................174
3.5.7 Disaster Recovery.....................................................................................................175
3.6 Database System Check.................................................................... 178
3.7 Update Statistics ................................................................................ 179
4 BR*Tools for Oracle DBA ...............................................................181
4.1 Getting Started with BR*Tools .......................................................... 184
4.1.1 Configuration of BR*Tools ........................................................................................184
4.1.1.1 Configuring the Scroll Line Count for BR*Tools..................................................184
4.1.1.2 Configuring the UNIX Command at for BR*Tools Batch Functions ....................185
4.1.1.3 Setting the Option To Log Displayed Information for BRSPACE........................186
4.1.1.4 Effects of Autoextend and Resize on BR*Tools..................................................186
4.1.2 Starting BR*Tools .....................................................................................................187
4.1.3 BR*Tools User Interface ...........................................................................................189
4.1.4 How to Use BR*Tools ...............................................................................................195
4.1.5 Checking BR*Tools Release Information .................................................................199
4.2 BR*Tools in Action............................................................................. 201
4.2.1 Instance Management with BR*Tools.......................................................................201
4.2.1.1 Starting Up the Database with BR*Tools ............................................................202
4.2.1.2 Shutting Down the Database with BR*Tools.......................................................204
4.2.1.3 Altering the Database Instance with BR*Tools ...................................................206
4.2.1.4 Altering Database Parameters with BR*Tools ....................................................208
4.2.1.5 Showing Instance Status with BR*Tools.............................................................211
4.2.1.6 Showing Database Parameters with BR*Tools...................................................213
4.2.2 Space Management with BR*Tools..........................................................................216
4.2.2.1 Extending a Tablespace with BR*Tools..............................................................217
4.2.2.2 Creating a Tablespace with BR*Tools ................................................................219
4.2.2.3 Dropping a Tablespace with BR*Tools ...............................................................222
4.2.2.4 Altering a Tablespace with BR*Tools..................................................................224
4.2.2.5 Altering a Data File with BR*Tools......................................................................227
4.2.2.6 Moving a Data File with BR*Tools.......................................................................229
4.2.2.7 Showing Tablespaces with BR*Tools .................................................................232
4.2.2.8 Showing Data Files with BR*Tools......................................................................234
4.2.2.9 Showing Redo Log Files with BR*Tools .............................................................237
4.2.2.10 Showing Control Files with BR*Tools................................................................239
4.2.2.11 Showing Disk Volumes with BR*Tools..............................................................241
4.2.3 Segment Management with BR*Tools......................................................................243
4.2.3.1 Reorganizing Tables with BR*Tools....................................................................245
4.2.3.2 Rebuilding Indexes with BR*Tools......................................................................248
4.2.3.3 Exporting Tables with BR*Tools..........................................................................250
4.2.3.4 Importing Tables with BR*Tools..........................................................................253
4.2.3.5 Altering Tables with BR*Tools.............................................................................256
4.2.3.6 Altering Indexes with BR*Tools...........................................................................258
4.2.3.7 Showing Tables with BR*Tools ...........................................................................261
4.2.3.8 Showing Indexes with BR*Tools .........................................................................264
4.2.3.9 Showing Table Partitions with BR*Tools.............................................................267
4.2.3.10 Showing Index Partitions with BR*Tools...........................................................269
4.2.3.11 Showing Segments with BR*Tools....................................................................272
4.2.3.12 Showing Segment Extents with BR*Tools ........................................................274
4.2.3.13 Showing Free Extents with BR*Tools ...............................................................277
4.2.4 Backup and Database Copy with BR*Tools .............................................................279
4.2.4.1 Backing Up the Database with BR*Tools............................................................281
4.2.4.2 Backing Up the Offline Redo Log Files with BR*Tools .......................................282
4.2.4.3 Copying the Database with BR* Tools................................................................284
4.2.4.4 Non-Database Backup with BR*Tools ................................................................285
4.2.4.5 Verifying a Database Backup with BR*Tools ......................................................286
4.2.4.6 Verifying an Offline Redo Log Backup with BR*Tools ........................................287
4.2.4.7 Additional Functions for Backup and Database Copy with BR*Tools.................288
Updating Compression Rates with BR*Tools...............................................................288
Preparing RMAN Backups with BR*Tools ....................................................................289
Deleting Database Disk Backups with BR*Tools .........................................................290
Deleting Offline Redo Log Backups on Disk with BR*Tools.........................................291
Controlling of BRARCHIVE Run with BR*Tools ...........................................................292
Initializing BRBACKUP Tape Volumes with BR*Tools .................................................293
Initializing BRARCHIVE Tape Volumes with BR*Tools................................................294
4.2.5 Restore and Recovery with BR*Tools ......................................................................295
4.2.5.1 Complete Database Recovery with BR*Tools ....................................................296
4.2.5.2 Database Point-In-Time Recovery with BR*Tools ..............................................297
4.2.5.3 Tablespace Point-In-Time Recovery with BR*Tools...........................................299
4.2.5.4 Whole Database Reset with BR*Tools ...............................................................300
4.2.5.5 Restore of Individual Backup Files with BR*Tools ..............................................301
4.2.5.6 Restore and Application of Offline Redo Log Files with BR*Tools .....................307
4.2.5.7 Disaster Recovery with BR*Tools .......................................................................312
4.2.5.8 Procedures for Restore and Recovery with BR*Tools........................................317
Setting Point In Time and Tablespaces for Recovery ..................................................317
Checking the Status of Database Files – I ...................................................................319
Selecting Database Backups........................................................................................321
Checking the Status of Database Files – II ..................................................................322
Checking the Status of Tablespaces............................................................................324
Exporting the Tablespaces Not Being Recovered........................................................327
Restoring Control Files .................................................................................................330
Restoring Data Files .....................................................................................................331
Restoring and Applying an Incremental Backup ..........................................................335
Restoring and Applying Offline Redo Log Files............................................................336
Opening the Database..................................................................................................341
4.2.6 Check and Verification with BR*Tools ......................................................................344
4.2.6.1 Checking the Database System with BR*Tools ..................................................345
4.2.6.2 Validating the Database Structure with BR*Tools...............................................346
4.2.6.3 Verifying Database Blocks with BR*Tools ..........................................................347
4.2.7 Database Statistics with BR*Tools ...........................................................................348
4.2.7.1 Updating Database Statistics with BR*Tools ......................................................349
4.2.7.2 Collecting Missing Statistics with BR*Tools ........................................................350
4.2.7.3 Deleting Harmful Statistics with BR*Tools ..........................................................351
4.2.8 Additional Functions with BR*Tools..........................................................................352
4.2.8.1 Showing Logs and Profiles with BR*Tools..........................................................353
4.2.8.2 Cleaning Up DBA Logs and Tables with BR*Tools.............................................354
4.2.8.3 Adapting Next Extents with BR*Tools.................................................................355
4.2.8.4 Changing the Password of the SAP User with BR*Tools ...................................356
4.2.8.5 Creating or Changing Synonyms for DBA Tables...............................................357
4.3 BR*Tools in Detail .............................................................................. 359
4.3.1 BRBACKUP ..............................................................................................................359
4.3.1.1 Backing up Database Files .................................................................................359
4.3.1.2 Backing Up Non-Database Files and Directories................................................360
4.3.1.3 Completion of BRBACKUP Backups ..................................................................360
4.3.1.4 Hardware Compression for BRBACKUP ............................................................361
4.3.1.5 Command Options for BRBACKUP....................................................................362
-a|-archive .....................................................................................................................363
-b|-backup.....................................................................................................................364
-bd|-backup_delete .......................................................................................................364
-c|-confirm .....................................................................................................................364
-db|-delete_backup .......................................................................................................365
-d|-device ......................................................................................................................366
-e|-execute....................................................................................................................367
-f|-fillup ..........................................................................................................................367
-h|-help..........................................................................................................................367
-i|-initialize.....................................................................................................................368
-k|-compress .................................................................................................................368
-l|-language...................................................................................................................369
-m|-mode.......................................................................................................................369
-n|-number ....................................................................................................................370
-o|-output.......................................................................................................................371
-p|-profile.......................................................................................................................371
-q|-query........................................................................................................................371
-r|-parfile........................................................................................................................372
-s|-saveset ....................................................................................................................372
-t|-type...........................................................................................................................373
-u|-user..........................................................................................................................374
-v|-volume .....................................................................................................................374
-w|-verify .......................................................................................................................375
-V|-VERSION................................................................................................................375
4.3.1.6 BRBACKUP Logs................................................................................................375
Names of the BRBACKUP Detail Logs ........................................................................376
BRBACKUP Detail Log.................................................................................................377
BRBACKUP Summary Log ..........................................................................................378
4.3.1.7 Profile Parameters and BRBACKUP Command Options ...................................378
4.3.2 BRARCHIVE .............................................................................................................382
4.3.2.1 Hardware Compression for BRARCHIVE ...........................................................382
4.3.2.2 Logging for BRARCHIVE ....................................................................................383
4.3.2.3 Command Options for BRARCHIVE...................................................................383
-a|-archive .....................................................................................................................384
-b|-backup.....................................................................................................................385
-c|-confirm .....................................................................................................................385
-d|-device ......................................................................................................................385
-f|-fill ..............................................................................................................................386
-h|-help..........................................................................................................................387
-i|-initialize.....................................................................................................................387
-k|-compress .................................................................................................................387
-l|-language...................................................................................................................387
-m|-modify.....................................................................................................................387
-n|-number ....................................................................................................................388
-o|-output.......................................................................................................................388
-p|-profile.......................................................................................................................388
-q|-query........................................................................................................................388
-r|-parfile........................................................................................................................389
-s|-sc|-ds|-dc|-sd|-scd|-ss|-ssd|-cs|-cds ........................................................................389
-u|-user..........................................................................................................................390
-v|-volume .....................................................................................................................390
-w|-verify .......................................................................................................................390
-V|-VERSION................................................................................................................390
4.3.2.4 BRARCHIVE Logs...............................................................................................391
Names of the BRARCHIVE Detail Logs .......................................................................391
BRARCHIVE Detail Log................................................................................................392
BRARCHIVE Summary Log .........................................................................................392
4.3.2.5 Grouping Offline Redo Log Files.........................................................................394
4.3.3 BRRESTORE............................................................................................................395
4.3.3.1 Restoring Files ....................................................................................................395
4.3.3.2 Completion of BRRESTORE Runs .....................................................................396
4.3.3.3 Examples of BRRESTORE Runs........................................................................397
4.3.3.4 Command Options for BRRESTORE..................................................................397
-a|-archive|-a1|-archive1...............................................................................................399
-a2|-archive2.................................................................................................................399
-b|-backup|b1|backup1 .................................................................................................400
-b2|-backup2.................................................................................................................400
-c|-confirm .....................................................................................................................400
-d|-device ......................................................................................................................400
-e|-execute....................................................................................................................401
-f|-fillup ..........................................................................................................................401
-h|-help..........................................................................................................................402
-k|-compress .................................................................................................................402
-l|-language...................................................................................................................402
-m|-mode.......................................................................................................................402
-n|-number ....................................................................................................................403
-n2|-number2 ................................................................................................................404
-o|-output.......................................................................................................................404
-p|-profile.......................................................................................................................404
-q|-query........................................................................................................................404
-r|-parfile........................................................................................................................405
-u|-user..........................................................................................................................405
-w|-verify .......................................................................................................................405
-V|-VERSION................................................................................................................405
4.3.3.5 BRRESTORE Logs .............................................................................................406
Names of the BRRESTORE Detail Logs......................................................................406
BRRESTORE Detail Log ..............................................................................................406
BRRESTORE Summary Log........................................................................................407
4.3.4 BRRECOVER ...........................................................................................................407
4.3.4.1 Command Options for BRRECOVER .................................................................408
-b|-backup.....................................................................................................................409
-c|-confirm .....................................................................................................................410
-d|-device ......................................................................................................................410
-e|-degree .....................................................................................................................411
-h|-help..........................................................................................................................411
-i|-interval ......................................................................................................................411
-l|-language...................................................................................................................411
-own|-owner ..................................................................................................................412
-p|-profile.......................................................................................................................412
-pit|-time ........................................................................................................................412
-r|-parfile........................................................................................................................412
-s|-scroll ........................................................................................................................412
-scn|-change .................................................................................................................412
-seq|-sequence .............................................................................................................413
-seq1|-sequence1 .........................................................................................................413
-t|-type...........................................................................................................................413
-tsp|-tablespace ............................................................................................................413
-u|-user..........................................................................................................................414
-V|-VERSION................................................................................................................414
4.3.4.2 BRRECOVER Logs.............................................................................................414
BRRECOVER Detail Log..............................................................................................414
BRRECOVER Summary Log .......................................................................................416
4.3.5 BRSPACE.................................................................................................................417
4.3.5.1 Command options for BRSPACE........................................................................418
-c|-confirm .....................................................................................................................419
-f|-function .....................................................................................................................419
-f dbstart .....................................................................................................................420
-f dbshut .....................................................................................................................421
-f dbalter .....................................................................................................................422
-f dbparam..................................................................................................................422
-f dbshow....................................................................................................................423
-f tsextend ..................................................................................................................425
-f tscreate ...................................................................................................................426
-f tsdrop ......................................................................................................................428
-f tsalter ......................................................................................................................429
-f dfalter ......................................................................................................................429
-f dfmove ....................................................................................................................430
-f tbreorg.....................................................................................................................431
-f idrebuild ..................................................................................................................432
-f tbexport ...................................................................................................................433
-f tbimport ...................................................................................................................435
-f tbalter ......................................................................................................................436
-f idalter ......................................................................................................................437
-h|-help..........................................................................................................................438
-l|-language...................................................................................................................439
-p|-profile.......................................................................................................................439
-s|-scroll ........................................................................................................................439
-u|-user..........................................................................................................................439
-V|-VERSION................................................................................................................440
4.3.5.2 BRSPACE Logs ..................................................................................................440
BRSPACE Detail Log ...................................................................................................440
BRSPACE Summary Log .............................................................................................442
BRSPACE Structure Change Log ................................................................................443
BRSPACE Parameter Change Log..............................................................................447
4.3.6 BRCONNECT ...........................................................................................................449
4.3.6.1 Database System Check with BRCONNECT .....................................................451
BRCONNECT Default Conditions for Database Administration...................................453
BRCONNECT Default Conditions for Database Operations ........................................458
4.3.6.2 Adapt Next Extents with BRCONNECT..............................................................460
Internal Rules for Determining Next Extent Size ..........................................................461
4.3.6.3 Update Statistics with BRCONNECT..................................................................462
-force with Update Statistics .........................................................................................463
Deletion of Damaging Statistics....................................................................................464
Verification of Table and Index Structure .....................................................................464
Internal Rules for Update Statistics ..............................................................................465
Update Statistics for InfoCube Tables..........................................................................466
4.3.6.4 Changing Database User Passwords with BRCONNECT..................................468
4.3.6.5 Clean Up Old Logs and Trace Files with BRCONNECT.....................................469
4.3.6.6 Additional BRCONNECT Functions....................................................................469
4.3.6.7 Command Options for BRCONNECT.................................................................470
-c|-confirm .....................................................................................................................471
-f|-function .....................................................................................................................471
-f check.......................................................................................................................472
-f chpass.....................................................................................................................473
-f cleanup ...................................................................................................................473
-f crsyn........................................................................................................................475
-f dbshut .....................................................................................................................475
-f next .........................................................................................................................475
-f stats.........................................................................................................................477
-h|-help..........................................................................................................................481
-l|-language...................................................................................................................482
-o|-output.......................................................................................................................482
-p|-profile.......................................................................................................................482
-q|-query........................................................................................................................483
-s|-sapsid ......................................................................................................................483
-u|-user..........................................................................................................................483
-V|-VERSION................................................................................................................484
4.3.6.8 BRCONNECT Logs.............................................................................................484
Names of the BRCONNECT Detail Logs .....................................................................484
BRCONNECT Detail Log..............................................................................................484
BRCONNECT Summary Log .......................................................................................485
4.3.7 BRTOOLS.................................................................................................................485
4.3.7.1 Command Options for BRTOOLS.......................................................................486
-h|-help..........................................................................................................................486
-l|-language...................................................................................................................487
-p|-profile.......................................................................................................................487
-s|-scroll ........................................................................................................................487
-u|-user..........................................................................................................................487
-w|-show........................................................................................................................487
-V|-VERSION................................................................................................................488
4.3.8 Profiles, Logs, Messages, and Return Codes for BR*Tools.....................................488
4.3.8.1 Initialization Profile init.sap...................................................................488
archive_copy_dir...........................................................................................................489
archive_function............................................................................................................489
archive_stage_dir .........................................................................................................490
backup_dev_type..........................................................................................................490
backup_mode ...............................................................................................................492
backup_root_dir ............................................................................................................493
backup_type .................................................................................................................494
check_exclude ..............................................................................................................495
check_owner.................................................................................................................495
cleanup_brarchive_log..................................................................................................495
cleanup_brbackup_log..................................................................................................496
cleanup_brconnect_log.................................................................................................496
cleanup_brrestore_log..................................................................................................496
cleanup_check_msg.....................................................................................................496
cleanup_db_log ............................................................................................................496
cleanup_disk_archive ...................................................................................................496
cleanup_disk_backup ...................................................................................................497
cleanup_exp_dump ......................................................................................................497
cleanup_ora_trace........................................................................................................497
cleanup_owner .............................................................................................................497
cleanup_brspace_log....................................................................................................497
cleanup_xdb_log...........................................................................................................497
compress ......................................................................................................................498
compress_cmd .............................................................................................................498
compress_dir ................................................................................................................499
copy_in_cmd.................................................................................................................499
copy_out_cmd ..............................................................................................................500
cpio_disk_flags .............................................................................................................500
cpio_flags......................................................................................................................500
cpio_in_flags.................................................................................................................501
dd_flags ........................................................................................................................501
dd_in_flags ...................................................................................................................501
disk_copy_cmd.............................................................................................................501
dismount_cmd ..............................................................................................................502
exec_parallel.................................................................................................................502
exp_dump_dir ...............................................................................................................503
exp_table ......................................................................................................................503
expir_period ..................................................................................................................503
imp_table ......................................................................................................................503
mount_cmd...................................................................................................................504
mount_par_file ..............................................................................................................504
new_db_home ..............................................................................................................505
next_exclude.................................................................................................................505
next_limit_count............................................................................................................505
next_max_size..............................................................................................................506
next_owner ...................................................................................................................506
next_special..................................................................................................................506
next_table .....................................................................................................................507
orig_db_home...............................................................................................................507
parallel_instances .........................................................................................................507
primary_db....................................................................................................................508
rebuild_index ................................................................................................................508
recov_copy_dir .............................................................................................................508
recov_degree................................................................................................................508
recov_interval ...............................................................................................................508
recov_type ....................................................................................................................509
remote_host..................................................................................................................509
remote_user..................................................................................................................509
reorg_table....................................................................................................................510
restore_mode................................................................................................................510
resync_cmd ..................................................................................................................511
rewind ...........................................................................................................................511
rewind_offline................................................................................................................512
rman_channels .............................................................................................................512
rman_diskratio ..............................................................................................................513
rman_duplex .................................................................................................................513
rman_filesperset ...........................................................................................................513
rman_kbytes .................................................................................................................513
rman_maxopenfiles ......................................................................................................514
rman_parms..................................................................................................................514
rman_pool.....................................................................................................................514
rman_proxy...................................................................................................................514
rman_readrate ..............................................................................................................515
rman_send....................................................................................................................515
rman_setsize ................................................................................................................515
saveset_members ........................................................................................................515
scroll_lines ....................................................................................................................516
show_period .................................................................................................................516
space_copy_dir.............................................................................................................516
split_cmd.......................................................................................................................517
split_options..................................................................................................................517
split_resync...................................................................................................................517
stage_copy_cmd...........................................................................................................517
stage_db_home............................................................................................................518
stage_root_dir...............................................................................................................518
stats_bucket_count.......................................................................................................518
stats_change_threshold................................................................................................519
stats_dbms_stats..........................................................................................................519
stats_exclude................................................................................................................520
stats_info_cubes...........................................................................................................520
stats_limit_time .............................................................................................................520
stats_method ................................................................................................................521
stats_owner ..................................................................................................................521
stats_parallel_degree ...................................................................................................522
stats_sample_size ........................................................................................................522
stats_table ....................................................................................................................522
tape_address ................................................................................................................522
tape_address_arch.......................................................................................................523
tape_address_ctl ..........................................................................................................523
tape_address_ctl_arch .................................................................................................524
tape_address_rew ........................................................................................................524
tape_address_rew_arch ...............................................................................................524
tape_copy_cmd ............................................................................................................525
tape_pos_cmd ..............................................................................................................526
tape_size ......................................................................................................................526
tape_size_arch .............................................................................................................527
tape_use_count ............................................................................................................527
uncompress_cmd .........................................................................................................527
util_par_file ...................................................................................................................527
volume_archive.............................................................................................................528
volume_backup.............................................................................................................528
4.3.8.2 Logs for BR*Tools ...............................................................................................529
Log Types .....................................................................................................................530
File System Logs ..........................................................................................................530
Database Logs for BRBACKUP, BRARCHIVE, and BRCONNECT ............................530
Log Supplements..........................................................................................................531
4.3.8.3 Messages and Return Codes for the BR*Tools ..................................................532
4.3.9 Common Features of BRBACKUP and BRARCHIVE..............................................533
4.3.9.1 Supported Backup Media....................................................................................534
4.3.9.2 Effects of the Command Options ........................................................................535
4.3.9.3 cpio Continuation Tape .......................................................................................536
4.3.9.4 cpio Error.............................................................................................................536
4.3.9.5 Canceling a Backup ............................................................................................536
5 Other Tools for Oracle DBA ...........................................................537
5.1 Database Recovery with SQLPLUS .................................................. 538
5.1.1 Types of Database Errors.........................................................................................538
5.1.1.1 Error Analysis ......................................................................................................539
5.1.2 Recovery after User Errors .......................................................................................539
5.1.3 Recovery after Statement Errors ..............................................................................540
5.1.4 Recovery after Process Errors..................................................................................540
5.1.5 Recovery after an Instance Error..............................................................................540
5.1.6 Recovery after Media Errors.....................................................................................541
5.1.7 Recovering from One Control File Missing...............................................................542
5.1.8 Recovering from All Control Files Missing................................................................543
5.1.9 Recovering from Current Online Redo Log Missing.................................................546
5.1.10 Recovering from One Inactive Online Redo Log Missing.......................................547
5.1.11 Recovering from User Tablespace Missing............................................................549
5.1.12 Recovering from SYSTEM Tablespace Missing.....................................................551
5.1.13 Recovering from Index Tablespace Missing...........................................................552
5.1.14 Recovering from Errors During the Archiving of Online Redo Logs .......................553
5.1.15 Performing an Incomplete Recovery ......................................................................554
5.1.15.1 Finishing an Incomplete Recovery....................................................................556
5.1.16 Automating the Recovery .......................................................................................557
5.1.17 Updating the Control File ........................................................................................558
5.2 Oracle Recovery Manager ................................................................. 560
5.2.1 RMAN Backup Strategies .........................................................................................561
5.2.2 RMAN Incremental Backups After Structural Changes............................................563
5.2.3 RMAN Restore of Incremental Backups...................................................................564
5.2.4 RMAN Backup with the SAP Backup Library ...........................................................565
5.2.5 RMAN Backup with an External Backup Library ......................................................567
5.2.6 RMAN Incremental Backups Without a Backup Library ...........................................570
5.2.7 RMAN Backup of the Offline Redo Log File .............................................................572
5.2.8 RMAN Tape Layout ..................................................................................................573
5.2.9 RMAN Backup Verify ................................................................................................573
5.2.10 RMAN Save-Set Grouping......................................................................................574
5.3 The SAP Tools with Windows ........................................................... 576
5.3.1 SAP Conventions (Windows)....................................................................................576
5.3.1.1 Naming Conventions for Files (Windows)...........................................................576
5.3.1.2 Executables.........................................................................................................576
5.3.1.3 Starting the SAP Utility Programs .......................................................................577
5.3.1.4 Database Analysis ..............................................................................................578
5.3.2 Backup Strategy (Windows) .....................................................................................579
5.3.2.1 NTBackup............................................................................................................579
5.3.2.2 BRBACKUP/BRARCHIVE ..................................................................................579
5.3.2.3 Other Backup Programs......................................................................................580
5.3.2.4 Structure-Retaining Database Copy or Restore on Windows.............................580
5.3.2.5 Offline Backup with Oracle Fail Safe for Cluster Systems..................................581
6 Oracle Real Application Cluster ....................................................582
6.1 RAC with BR*Tools ............................................................................ 585
6.2 RAC with BRSPACE........................................................................... 586
6.3 RAC with BRBACKUP........................................................................ 587
6.4 RAC with BRARCHIVE....................................................................... 588
6.5 RAC with BRRESTORE and BRRECOVER....................................... 590
6.6 RAC with the init.sap Profile .............................................. 591
This component lets you administer your Oracle database with the SAP System. Read this
documentation to make sure that you administer your database as efficiently as possible,
which helps your company get the most from its SAP System.
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